Substance Use Disorder

At Altura Mental Health, we are committed to providing compassionate care and support for individuals struggling with substance use disorders. Our goal is to empower individuals to overcome addiction, rebuild their lives, and achieve lasting recovery.

In 2021, California experienced 7,181 opioid overdose deaths, representing 66% of all drug overdose deaths in the state.

Overview

What is Substance Use Disorder?

Substance Use Disorder (SUD), often referred to as addiction, is a chronic, relapsing brain disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences.

It is considered a complex brain disorder and a mental illness, marked by significant impairment in psychological, social, and occupational functioning.

At Altura Mental Health, we understand that SUD is not a matter of willpower or moral weakness; it arises from fundamental changes in brain chemistry and function caused by repeated substance use.

Our compassionate team is dedicated to helping individuals reclaim their lives through evidence-based treatment and individualized care.

Substance Abuse vs. Addiction: Understanding the Difference

While the terms substance abuse and addiction are sometimes used interchangeably, they represent different stages of the same disorder.

Harmful Usage

Substance Abuse

Substance abuse refers to the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit drugs. It can involve using substances in ways that are not intended, such as taking higher doses than prescribed or using them more frequently. Substance abuse can lead to negative consequences like impaired judgment, risky behaviors, and problems at work, school, or home.

Compulsive Use

Addiction

Addiction is a more severe form of substance abuse characterized by compulsive drug-seeking and use despite harmful consequences. It involves a loss of control over substance use, cravings, and continued use despite negative impacts on health, relationships, and daily life. Addiction is often accompanied by tolerance (needing more of the substance to achieve the same effect) and withdrawal symptoms when stopping use.

Dependence vs. Addiction: A Crucial Distinction

It’s also important to distinguish between physical dependence and addiction.

Substance Reliance

Physical Dependence

Physical dependence occurs when the body adapts to the presence of a substance and experiences withdrawal symptoms when use is stopped or reduced. These symptoms can vary depending on the substance but may include nausea, sweating, tremors, and anxiety. While physical dependence can be uncomfortable, it does not necessarily indicate addiction.

Psychological Cravings

Addiction

Addiction involves both physical dependence and psychological dependence. Psychological dependence refers to the intense cravings and compulsions to use a substance despite negative consequences. It involves changes in brain function that make it difficult to control drug-seeking behavior.

How SUD Affects the Brain's Reward System

At its core, SUD is a brain disorder. Repeated substance use disrupts the brain’s reward system, which is responsible for reinforcing behaviors that are essential for survival, such as eating and socializing. Drugs of abuse, however, artificially activate this system by flooding it with dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reward. Over time, the brain adapts to this overstimulation by reducing dopamine production and receptor sensitivity. This leads to tolerance, meaning that larger amounts of the substance are needed to achieve the same effect. It also makes everyday activities less pleasurable, further reinforcing drug-seeking behavior.

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Long-term Effects of SUD on the Brain

Chronic substance use can cause long-term changes in the brain, impacting areas responsible for judgment, decision-making, learning, memory, and behavior control. These changes can lead to:

Impaired Decision-Making and Impulsivity

Difficulty making sound choices and resisting urges.

Decrease Motivation and Apathy

Loss of interest in previously enjoyable activities.

Increase Sensitivity to Stress

Heightened stress response and difficulty coping with stress.

Memory and Learning Problems

Difficulty remembering things and forming new memories.

Recognizing the Indicators

Signs & Symptoms of Substance Use Disorder

Recognizing the signs and symptoms of substance use disorder (SUD) is a crucial first step towards seeking help and beginning the journey to recovery. At Altura Mental Health, we believe in fostering understanding and awareness, providing a safe space for individuals and families to address substance use concerns with compassion and evidence-based care. While the specific manifestations can vary depending on the substance used and the individual, there are common physical, behavioral, and psychological indicators that may suggest a problem.

The Progression of SUD: From Experimentation to Addiction

SUD often begins with experimentation or casual use of a substance. Over time, this can escalate into more frequent and intense use, leading to dependence and addiction. This progression isn’t always linear, and the speed at which it occurs can vary depending on individual factors and the substance involved. Early intervention is crucial to preventing the progression of SUD and its associated consequences.

Early Warning Signs of SUD

Increased tolerance

Needing more of the substance to achieve the same effect.
Cravings

Strong urges to use the substance.
Loss of control

Difficulty stopping or cutting back on substance use.
Neglecting responsibilities

Failing to fulfill obligations at work, school, or home due to substance use.
Using substances in risky situations

Driving under the influence, using drugs in unsafe environments.

Later-Stage Indicators of SUD

Physical dependence

Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when not using the substance.
Social isolation

Withdrawing from friends and family, losing interest in activities once enjoyed.
Financial difficulties

Spending excessive amounts of money on substances, neglecting financial obligations.
Legal problems

Arrests, DUIs, or other legal issues related to substance use.
Physical and mental health problems

Deterioration in physical health (e.g., liver damage, heart disease), as well as mental health issues like depression and anxiety.

Physical Signs of SUD

Changes in appearance

Neglect of personal hygiene, weight loss or gain, bloodshot eyes, dilated or constricted pupils
Changes in sleep patterns

Insomnia, excessive sleeping, nightmares
Physical health problems

Frequent illness, chronic pain, digestive issues, changes in appetite
Changes in energy levels

Extreme fatigue or hyperactivity
Coordination and motor skills issues

Slurred speech, tremors, unsteady gait

Behavorial Signs of SUD

Social withdrawal

Isolation from friends and family, loss of interest in activities once enjoyed
Changes in performance

Decline in work or school performance, absenteeism, financial difficulties
Secretive behavior

Lying about substance use, hiding drug paraphernalia
Legal problems

Arrests for DUI, possession of drugs, or other offenses
Risk-taking behaviors

Engaging in dangerous activities while under the influence

Psychological Signs of SUD

Changes in appearance

Neglect of personal hygiene, weight loss or gain, bloodshot eyes, dilated or constricted pupils
Changes in sleep patterns

Insomnia, excessive sleeping, nightmares
Physical health problems

Frequent illness, chronic pain, digestive issues, changes in appetite
Changes in energy levels

Extreme fatigue or hyperactivity
Coordination and motor skills issues

Slurred speech, tremors, unsteady gait

Recognizing SUD in Different Age Groups

The signs and symptoms of SUD can manifest differently in different age groups. For example:

Adolescents

May exhibit declining grades, truancy, social withdrawal, mood swings, and changes in friend groups.
Young adults

May experience problems at work or school, financial difficulties, strained relationships, and legal issues.
Older adults

May show signs of memory loss, confusion, falls, and social isolation, which can be mistaken for other age-related conditions.

Recognizing SUD in Different Substances

The specific signs and symptoms can vary depending on the type of substance used. For example:

Alcohol

Binge drinking, blackouts, morning drinking, neglect of responsibilities, withdrawal symptoms like tremors and sweating.
Opioids (e.g., heroin, prescription painkillers)

Drowsiness, constipation, pinpoint pupils, needle marks, track marks, changes in sleep patterns.
Stimulants (e.g., cocaine, methamphetamine)

Increased energy, dilated pupils, paranoia, rapid heart rate, weight loss, erratic behavior.
Benzodiazepines (e.g., Xanax, Valium)

Drowsiness, slurred speech, impaired coordination, memory problems, withdrawal symptoms like anxiety and seizures.
Marijuana

Red eyes, increased appetite, slowed reaction time, impaired coordination, memory impairment.

Withdrawal Symptoms

When someone with SUD stops using a substance, they may experience withdrawal symptoms, which can range from mild to severe depending on the substance and the individual. These symptoms may include:

Physical symptoms

Nausea, vomiting, sweating, tremors, seizures, headaches, muscle aches, fatigue
Psychological symptoms

Anxiety, irritability, depression, insomnia, difficulty concentrating, cravings

Withdrawal can be a challenging and uncomfortable process, and medical supervision is often necessary to ensure safety and manage symptoms effectively. Altura Mental Health offers medically supervised detox programs to help individuals safely withdraw from substances and begin their recovery journey.

Impact of SUD on Relationships

SUD can strain relationships with family, friends, and romantic partners. Loved ones may feel hurt, frustrated, and betrayed by the individual’s behavior. It’s important to remember that addiction is a disease, not a personal failing, and seeking help is crucial for repairing and rebuilding these important connections.

High-Functioning Addiction

It’s important to note that SUD can affect individuals from all walks of life, including those who appear to be functioning well in their personal and professional lives. This is known as high-functioning addiction. These individuals may be able to maintain their responsibilities and relationships for a time, but the addiction eventually takes a toll on their overall well-being. It’s important to recognize that addiction is not a sign of weakness or a character flaw, and seeking help is a sign of strength and courage.

Co-Occurring Mental Health Disorders

SUD often co-occurs with other mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These conditions can fuel substance use as a form of self-medication or coping mechanism. Treating both SUD and any co-occurring mental health disorders simultaneously is essential for successful recovery. Altura Mental Health’s integrated treatment approach addresses both substance use and mental health concerns, providing comprehensive care for the whole person.

Self-Assessment and Professional Evaluation

If you’re concerned about your own or a loved one’s substance use, it’s important to seek professional help. While self-assessment tools can be helpful, they are not a substitute for a comprehensive evaluation by a qualified healthcare provider. Altura Mental Health offers confidential assessments to determine if a substance use disorder is present and to recommend appropriate treatment options.

Recognizing the signs of SUD is the first step towards recovery. Early intervention can significantly improve outcomes and help individuals reclaim their lives from addiction.

Types of Substance Use Disorders

Substance use disorder (SUD) isn’t a one-size-fits-all diagnosis. It encompasses a wide range of substances that can be misused, each with its unique effects, withdrawal symptoms, and treatment approaches. At Altura Mental Health, we offer specialized treatment programs tailored to address specific types of SUD, providing comprehensive care for individuals struggling with various addictions.

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)

Alcohol is one of the most commonly abused substances, and alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a prevalent and serious condition. It’s characterized by a pattern of problematic alcohol use, leading to significant impairment or distress. Symptoms of AUD can range from mild to severe and may include:

Difficulty establishing and maintaining healthy relationships.
Extreme emotional reactions or difficulty regulating emotions.
Impulsive behaviors or difficulty controlling impulses.
Distorted self-image or unstable sense of self.
Difficulty adapting to change or unexpected events.
Rigid and inflexible thinking patterns.

Stimulant Use Disorder

Stimulant use disorder encompasses the misuse of stimulant drugs like cocaine, methamphetamine, and amphetamines. These drugs produce a temporary surge of energy and euphoria, but they also carry significant risks of addiction and adverse health effects. Signs of stimulant use disorder include:

Increased heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature
Dilated pupils
Agitation, paranoia, and anxiety
Weight loss and sleep problems
Withdrawal symptoms like fatigue, depression, and intense cravings

Other Types of SUD

In addition to these specific categories, SUD can also involve the misuse of other substances, such as:

Cannabis (marijuana)
Hallucinogens (e.g., LSD, psilocybin)
Inhalants
Sedatives and hypnotics

Each substance has its unique effects and potential for harm, requiring tailored treatment approaches.

Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)

Opioid use disorder (OUD) involves the misuse of opioid drugs, which include prescription painkillers (e.g., oxycodone, hydrocodone) and illicit drugs like heroin. Opioids are highly addictive and can lead to severe physical and psychological dependence. Signs of OUD include:

Intense cravings for opioids
Inability to control opioid use
Continued use despite negative consequences
Tolerance and withdrawal symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, muscle aches, restlessness)

Benzodiazepine Use Disorder

Benzodiazepines are a class of prescription medications commonly used to treat anxiety and insomnia. While effective when used as prescribed, they can be habit-forming and lead to dependence and addiction. Signs of benzodiazepine use disorder include:

Taking higher doses than prescribed or using them for longer than intended
Difficulty stopping or cutting back on use
Withdrawal symptoms like anxiety, tremors, and seizures
Impaired coordination and cognitive function

Polysubstance Abuse

Polysubstance abuse refers to the misuse of multiple substances simultaneously. This can be particularly dangerous as the combined effects of different drugs can be unpredictable and increase the risk of overdose and other complications. At Altura Mental Health, we have expertise in treating polysubstance abuse, understanding the complex nature of this condition and developing personalized treatment plans to address the unique needs of each individual.

Comprehensive Care for All Types of SUD

At Altura Mental Health, we offer comprehensive, evidence-based treatment programs for all types of SUD. Our multidisciplinary team of therapists, psychiatrists, and addiction specialists will work with you to develop a personalized treatment plan that addresses your specific needs and goals. We offer a variety of treatment modalities, including individual and group therapy, medication-assisted treatment (MAT), and holistic therapies like yoga and mindfulness. Our goal is to help you achieve lasting recovery and reclaim your life from the grip of addiction.

How is Substance Use Disorder Diagnosed ?

At Altura Mental Health, we understand that seeking help for substance use disorder (SUD) can be a daunting step. We strive to make the process as straightforward and supportive as possible, beginning with a comprehensive assessment to accurately diagnose SUD and develop a personalized treatment plan.

Diagnostic Criteria for SUD

To diagnose SUD, mental health professionals typically use the criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). This manual provides a set of 11 criteria that assess various aspects of substance use and its impact on an individual’s life. These criteria fall into four categories:

Impaired Control

This includes taking larger amounts or using the substance for longer than intended, wanting to cut down or stop but not being able to, spending a lot of time getting, using, or recovering from the substance, and having cravings.
Social Impairment

This includes not managing to do what you should at work, home, or school because of substance use, continuing to use even when it causes problems in relationships, and giving up important social, occupational, or recreational activities because of substance use.
Risky Use

This includes using substances again and again, even when it puts you in danger, and continuing to use even when you know you have a physical or psychological problem that could have been caused or made worse by the substance.
Pharmacological Indicators

This includes developing a tolerance to the substance and experiencing withdrawal symptoms when you stop using it.

The Assessment Process at Altura Mental Health

Our assessment process involves a thorough evaluation of your substance use history, medical history, mental health, and social factors. This comprehensive approach helps us understand the full scope of your situation and tailor a treatment plan that meets your specific needs. The assessment typically includes:

Clinical interview

A confidential discussion with a mental health professional to gather information about your substance use patterns, experiences, and any co-occurring mental health conditions.
Psychological assessment

Questionnaires or interviews to evaluate your mental health and identify any co-occurring disorders.

The Importance of Early Intervention

Early detection and intervention are crucial in the treatment of SUD. The sooner SUD is identified, the sooner treatment can begin, potentially preventing further harm and improving long-term outcomes. Altura Mental Health’s rapid admission process ensures that you can access the care you need promptly.

A Confidential and Compassionate Environment

We understand that seeking help for SUD can be intimidating, but we want to assure you that Altura Mental Health provides a safe, confidential, and judgment-free environment. Our team of experienced professionals is dedicated to helping you on your path to recovery.

If you or a loved one is struggling with substance use, don’t hesitate to reach out. We are here to help.

How Does Altura Treat Substance Use Disorder?

At Altura Mental Health, we believe that recovery from substance use disorder (SUD) is possible for everyone. We offer a comprehensive and personalized approach to treatment that addresses the physical, psychological, and social aspects of addiction. Our evidence-based treatment programs are designed to empower individuals to overcome addiction, reclaim their lives, and achieve lasting sobriety.

Treatment Solutions

What are the Best Therapy Options for Substance Use Disorder ?

Evidence-Based Therapies for SUD

At Altura Mental Health, we believe in a personalized and comprehensive approach to substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. We understand that every individual’s journey to recovery is unique, and there is no one-size-fits-all solution.

Thought and Behavior Change

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

CBT helps individuals identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to substance use. By learning new coping skills and strategies, individuals can manage cravings, avoid triggers, and build healthier habits.

Emotional Regulation Skills

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

DBT is particularly effective for individuals who struggle with intense emotions and impulsive behaviors. It teaches skills for emotional regulation, distress tolerance, interpersonal effectiveness, and mindfulness, which are essential for managing cravings and preventing relapse.

Acceptance and Values

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

ACT helps individuals accept difficult thoughts and feelings rather than trying to suppress or control them. By focusing on values and goals, individuals can make choices that align with their desired life and move away from destructive behaviors.

Motivation and Commitment

Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET)

MET aims to enhance an individual’s motivation to change and commit to recovery. It helps individuals explore their ambivalence about substance use, set goals, and develop a plan for achieving them.

Positive Reinforcement

Contingency Management (CM)

CM involves providing rewards for positive behaviors, such as attending therapy sessions, staying sober, or submitting negative drug tests. This positive reinforcement can help individuals stay motivated and on track with their recovery goals.

Community Support

Group Therapy

Group therapy provides a safe and supportive space for individuals to share their experiences, learn from others, and develop a sense of community. Group therapy can be particularly beneficial for individuals with SUD, as it can help reduce isolation, build social support, and strengthen coping skills.

Family Involvement

Family Therapy

SUD affects not only the individual but also their family and loved ones. Family therapy helps families understand addiction, improve communication, and develop strategies to support their loved one’s recovery.

Tailoring Therapy to Your Needs

At Altura Mental Health, we understand that the best therapy for SUD is the one that works for you. We take a collaborative approach, working with you to identify the therapies that resonate most with your personality, learning style, and goals. We also consider factors such as your age, gender, cultural background, and any co-occurring mental health conditions.

A Collaborative Approach to Recovery

We believe that the therapist-client relationship is a partnership, and we strive to create a collaborative environment where you feel heard, understood, and empowered to take an active role in your recovery. Our therapists will work with you to set realistic goals, develop coping strategies, and track your progress, providing ongoing support and guidance every step of the way.

Virtual Therapy: Access to Care from Anywhere

We understand that life can be busy, and attending in-person therapy sessions may not always be feasible. That’s why we offer virtual therapy options, allowing you to access our expert care from the comfort and privacy of your own home. Virtual therapy is a convenient and effective way to receive the support you need, no matter where you are.

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FAQs for Substance Use Disorders

At Altura Mental Health, we understand that you likely have many questions about substance use disorders (SUD).

This section aims to address some of the most common questions we receive, providing you with clear and concise information to guide you on your path to understanding and recovery.

What causes substance use disorder?

SUD is a complex condition with multiple contributing factors. These can include:

Genetics

A family history of addiction can increase a person’s vulnerability to SUD.
Environmental factors

Exposure to stress, trauma, or substance use at a young age can increase the risk.
Mental health conditions

Co-occurring disorders like depression, anxiety, or PTSD can often fuel substance use.
Social factors

Peer pressure, social isolation, and cultural norms can also play a role.

It’s important to remember that SUD is not a moral failing or a lack of willpower. It’s a medical condition that requires professional treatment.

Can substance use disorder be cured?

While there is no cure for SUD, it is a treatable condition. With the right treatment and support, individuals can achieve long-term recovery and live fulfilling lives free from addiction. Recovery is a journey, not a destination, and it often requires ongoing commitment and effort.

What are the treatment options for SUD?

Altura Mental Health offers a wide range of evidence-based treatment options for SUD, including:

Medically supervised detoxification

Safe and supportive withdrawal from substances under medical supervision.
Individual therapy

Personalized therapy to address the underlying causes of addiction and develop coping skills.
Group therapy

Supportive group sessions to connect with others in recovery and build community.
Family therapy

Therapy to help families understand addiction and support their loved one’s recovery.
Holistic therapies

Complementary therapies like yoga, mindfulness, and acupuncture to promote overall well-being.
Medication-assisted treatment (MAT)

Medications like buprenorphine, methadone, and naltrexone can be used to manage cravings and reduce withdrawal symptoms for opioid and alcohol addiction.

The specific treatment plan will be tailored to your individual needs and circumstances.

How long does treatment for SUD last?

The duration of treatment varies depending on the severity of the addiction, individual needs, and the chosen treatment program. Treatment can range from a few weeks to several months or even longer for some individuals.

Does insurance cover treatment for SUD?

Most insurance plans cover at least some level of treatment for SUD. We encourage you to contact your insurance provider to verify your coverage. Altura Mental Health can also help you navigate the insurance process and explore payment options.

Is treatment at Altura Mental Health Confidential?

Yes, all treatment at Altura Mental Health is strictly confidential. We adhere to all federal and state privacy laws to protect your personal information.

What should I do if I think I have a substance use disorder?

If you or someone you love is struggling with substance use, the first step is to seek professional help. Contact Altura Mental Health to schedule a confidential assessment and discuss your treatment options. We are here to support you on your journey to recovery.